Invisible Wounds: Risk to the One Percent...

There is an alarm bell ringing within the ranks of Operational Risk Management executives in the United States.  As brave, experienced and motivated veterans enter the U.S. civilian work force, it is growing louder by the hour.  Our "One Percent" who serve in the military, leaders returning from over a decade of war and those who have earned the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal (GWOTEM), now have a new adversary.  Does your organization hire veterans or spouses of vets?  How are you taking an active role in the veterans hiring, career goals, aspirations and training?  What are the potential indicators of an employee at risk?

Melanie Haiken, Contributor - Forbes
Almost once an hour – every 65 minutes to be precise – a military veteran commits suicide, says a new investigation by the Department of Veterans Affairs. By far the most extensive study of veteran suicides ever conducted, the report, issued Friday, examined suicide data from 1999 to 2010.

The fact is that about 31% are vets, who are under 50 years old and in the prime of their lives and careers.  The Operational Risks associated with a growing workplace with veterans comes in different areas of concern and opportunity.  The awareness building program within a workplace, that is focused on mitigating risks to the enterprise, should be focused on behaviors and pre-incident indicators.  Especially when it comes to humans.  "Invisible wounds" are just that.  They are hard to see.

Has your organization been faced with an employee, who was a veteran and took their own life?  The cues and clues may not be so obvious.  Human Resources departments, Organizational Development management, senior executives are starting to hear that alarm.

There are people walking around your organization at this very moment, who are at risk and you may be naive to the indicators.  Begin the process today to change this growing epidemic.  Create a mechanism for awareness building, of the potential pre-incident indicators.  More importantly, what are you doing to proactively evaluate and monitor employees who are veterans?

60 Minutes - Invisible wounds of war by David Martin
An estimated quarter million servicemen and women have suffered concussions over the past decade of war. Tens of thousands -- no one knows the precise number -- are dealing with lasting brain damage. The Pentagon, which did not recognize the problem until the war in Iraq was almost over, is now scrambling to treat these invisible wounds. And soldiers suffering from them sometimes end up wishing they had a wound people could see.

There are programs for building awareness with employees and even a growing number of non-profit organizations that are making a difference.  The point is, what is management doing to proactively engage fellow executives to be more proactive on multiple fronts?  Here is one example that you should be investigating immediately.  Pretend for a moment that you as a CEO, are a veteran that is applying for a job at your company.  Go to your own career web site page and apply for a job at your company.  Why?  See how easy it is.  See what happens next.

The reason is clear.  You don't have any idea what a veteran goes through to first apply for a position with your company.  Second, you do not fully understand, how your own HR and recruiters follow-up and provide any feedback to the applicant, once they have navigated the vast maze of your latest outsourced online job platform.

We would also request, that you investigate your organizations process for doing periodic assessments of employee performance?  How is this the same or different for a veteran?  Has it been modified or is it done with a trained professional, who may be able to use substantial experience to provide an early warning system for vets, who may be at risk in your workplace.

Whether you are in the military ranks now as a commander or you are an executive in the government, business or part of a non-profit, you think you know the stakes.  You think you understand the Operational Risks associated with the hiring and employment of veterans.  You do not, because no one does completely.  This complex mosaic of laws, health care and human psychology issues may very well be, one of the greatest operational risk challenges before us as a nation.

Begin your journey to better understanding this, by visiting this U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs web site:  http://www.veteranscrisisline.net

This Memorial Day, we will remember all those heroes who have fallen, especially here at home.  In our own town.  We can and must do better...

operational risk

Offshore Strategies: Global Integrity Risk...

Global 500 organizations are managing Operational Risks across their respective enterprises, utilizing a portfolio of controls, tools and strategies.  One of those strategies, is getting more attention by nation states and treasury departments.  Larger than Wikileaks, this ICIJ investigation, is a digital peek behind the offshore strategy that is legal in many jurisdictions across the world:

An anonymous source has provided extensive insights into a worldwide network of tax evaders. 

Media in more than 30 countries are currently sifting through a mountain of data.
260 gigabytes of documents - that's the printed equivalent of 500,000 copies of the Bible. 

This is the massive amount of data that was passed on more than a year ago by an anonymous whistleblower to the International Consortium for Investigative Journalism (ICIJ) in Washington. More than two million emails and other confidential documents sketch a picture of a dubious shadow world. More than 130,000 people from 170 countries are alleged to have secreted their money in tax havens. Analyzing the data is a mammoth task that is still nowhere near completion.

The governance and the transparency that a global enterprise displays to its shareholders, employees and the governments is continuously at stake.  Some countries are considered more corrupt and global organizations operating in that part of the world, shall be more aware of the risks of doing business there.

Some other interesting revelations:

• The largest shares of the people setting up offshore accounts live in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Russia or another former Soviet republic. 
• In turbulent Greece, both the upper and middle class are increasingly keeping their money in undeclared accounts — a situation that finance officials have since vowed to investigate.
• A number of the world’s largest collectors use offshore accounts to buy and sell art without paying taxes. 
• Offshore accounts are popular in Russia, where President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly asked politicians to stop using them: the deputy prime minister’s wife and top managers of Russian military contractors and government-controlled companies are thought to have secret offshore investments. 
• Offshore accounts are a major source of investment in China and Russia. China’s second-largest source of capital investment is the British Virgin Islands.
• You can read the full ICIJ report here.

Billionaires and politicians are hedging risks on the advice of tax attorneys, accountants and the financial strategies that are as old as tax laws.  Inside the private business compliance and legal departments, lie a vast staff of dedicated personnel who are tasked with mitigating risks to the organization.  Some global enterprises such as Siemens AG have paid the price, of a governance architecture that was in failure.  Today, those lessons learned are still being taught even as others are implicated in alleged wrong doing:

IBM Says Justice Department Investigating Bribe Allegations
By Sarah Frier on May 03, 2013

International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) is being probed by the U.S. Justice Department over corruption allegations in Poland, Argentina, Bangladesh and Ukraine, adding to bribery charges from the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

The Justice Department is investigating whether IBM violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the company said in an April 30filing (IBM). In Poland, the department is focusing on a transaction that the Polish Central Anti-Corruption Bureau already was studying, the company said. It involves allegations of a former IBM employee selling to the Polish government. 

The Justice Department probe adds scrutiny in new territory as IBM tries to settle with the SEC over activity in China and South Korea. The global reach of the investigation indicates that this isn’t an isolated matter, said Charles Elson, corporate-governance professor at the University of Delaware. 

“If it happens in one country, you can say it’s an individual,” Elson said. “If it happens in multiple, you have to ask, is it systemic? And how well was the compliance program put in place to prevent it?”

So what can a General Counsel, VP of Operational Risk, Chief Risk Officer or even the Audit Committee do, in light of these continuous incidents?  The trust that any person or organization has with its bankers, outside counsel, compliance subject matter experts, accounting advisory and management consultants is at stake.  The integrity of the entire global payments and economic ecosystem is at risk.  This source of systemic risk to governments, global enterprises, stock markets and average consumers is growing beyond control.

What can be done?  The serious conversation going on right now between your independent counselors  continues to focus on trust and the people who are behind that trust.  You have got to have that serious conversation as a CEO, not with your first line of management Vice-Presidents, but several layers below them in the corporate hierarchy.  Believe us when we say, as the CEO, you can't see two layers below you, where all of the real work on daily transactions is getting done everyday.  You are not on the front lines, where deals are being made and information is being exchanged that can have a material impact on daily business.

You see, it really all still comes back to people communicating information ethically.  How and when people act on that information.  Why people behave the way they do when they learn the information.  As a CEO in charge of a global enterprise you will never have the transparency or the integrity being controlled from HQ on the executive floor, or on your executive analytic GRC dashboard.  Your only chance is to reach those people, who are at the source of doing business in your line processes, not staff, but "line".  The "line" is the life blood of daily business commerce and the power base for making a difference on how business is done and the integrity behind it.  The future of your enterprise depends on these people, communicating information that is true, validated and researched to uncover any possible errors, omissions or other ethical issues.

The power base of the global economy is constantly changing.  The risks to the economic enterprise continues and the investigations are just beginning.  Offshore strategies are at the core of global integrity risk.

operational risk

Social Media Risk: Situational Awareness on Wall Street to Main Street...

It has been a wild few weeks for Twitter and the Operational Risks associated with account hijacking and "Tweets" that may compromise the positions of active police activities. The Boston Police were
warning people via their official Twitter account:

The first official announcement that law enforcement agencies had concluded their manhunt for Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev didn’t come at a press conference by police commissioner Ed Davis or Mayor Tom Menino. It didn’t come from a press release or a dispatch over a police scanner. It came instead from two tweets:

Boston Police Dept. ✔ @Boston_Police#MediaAlert: WARNING: Do Not Compromise Officer Safety by Broadcasting Tactical Positions of Homes Being Searched.   8:52 AM - 19 Apr 2013 

Boston Police Dept. ✔ @Boston_Police#MediaAlert: WARNING - Do Not Compromise Officer Safety/Tactics by Broadcasting Live Video of Officers While Approaching Search Locations 1:14 PM - 19 Apr 2013

Social Media and a hacked AP Twitter account were the catalyst for a sudden drop in the financial markets. As the news service realized what had occurred they contacted their employees in the White House briefing room to refute the information:

Twitter Inc. plans to bolster security on its site after the account of the Associated Press news service was hacked and an erroneous post triggered a stock- market decline, according to a person familiar with the matter. 

Two-step authentication will be introduced to make it harder for outsiders to gain access to accounts, said the person, who declined to be identified because the information isn’t public. In addition to a password, the security measure requires a code sent via text message to a user’s mobile phone, or generated on a device or software. 

Twitter’s defense against password theft came under scrutiny this week after a hacker sent a false post about explosions at the White House, triggering a drop that wiped out $136 billion in value from the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

Social Media is becoming a way of real-time situational awareness and organizations that have ignored the potential impact on its Operational Risk are now paying attention. Proactive steps are now being taken to not only monitor the daily feeds on official company twitter accounts and also upgrade the security of those feeds by using multi-factor authentication.

Companies such as Duo Security are going to start seeing an uptick in their web site activity as a result of these latest hacks on Twitter and others. Why? Because it works.

Corporate integration of public relations and information security are not anything new per se. What is getting more attention is how social media has become a catalyst for changing human behavior. Even more revealing is how automated trading systems react to a false tweet on Twitter. Have the algorithms gone too far in high frequency trading? Not really. HFT professionals don't let Twitter change their strategies. Here is a dose of reality:

There is little predictive value in the events of the, "Hack Crash." However, there are some key takeaways for traders. First is the importance of protective stops. One never knows what could happen next. Second, verify news reports. I have the AP's iPhone app, which alerts me to breaking news and had no mention of the tweet until after the fact. Therefore, the corporate disconnect between Twitter and their app was my first clue it was bogus. Finally, cut the high frequency traders some slack. Their programs are based on risk and reward just like our own and the liquidity they provide in times of dramatic events is exactly what allows us to get out of the market and keep some powder dry until the smoke clears.

What will continue to be an ongoing trend in corporate ranks is the need to continuously monitor social media and to spend the time on due diligence to determine what is real and what is simple "Information Operations." (IO) in the corporate ranks and across Wall Street is the name of the game. Those who understand how to manage their monitoring and deal with the daily anomalies will be able to mitigate the major risks to the enterprise.

Our only hope is that the thousands of major law enforcement agencies across the globe, are doing the same. @Boston Police is a good place to start with any lessons learned.

operational risk

BCOT: Insuring Privacy and Civil Liberties...

The U.S. Nationwide SAR Initiative brings the conversation of privacy and intelligence collection to a point of convergence. Guidance for local, regional and state agencies can be found in the "Building Communities of Trust" (BCOT) program being rolled out across the country.

The continued priority is to safeguard the privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties of United States citizens (including the assurances that not only is information shared appropriately with authorized personnel but that the information that is exchanged is “quality” information). Can a nation continue to increase it's daily home town "Situational Awareness" while simultaneously preserving the constitutional rights and trusted relationship with its own citizens?

The Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) initiative is about Homeland Security Intelligence (HSI) engineered for the United States, to insure privacy and civil liberties of its citizens. Governance of vital intelligence data is at the core of the program design, combining the correct process for access and compartmentalization and the retention policies on certain types of relevant information.

The BCOT Guidance describes the challenges that must be addressed by fusion centers, local law enforcement agencies, and communities in developing these relationships of trust. These challenges can only be met if privacy, civil rights and civil liberties are protected. For fusion centers, this requires strong privacy policies and audits of center activities to ensure that the policies and their related standards are being fully met. For law enforcement agencies, it means that meaningful dialog and collaboration with communities needs to occur in a manner that increases legitimacy of the agency in the eyes of that community. Law enforcement must establish legitimacy in the communities they serve if trusting relationships are to be established. For communities, their leaders and representatives must collaborate with law enforcement and share responsibility for addressing the problems of crime and terrorism prevention in their neighborhoods.

Relationships of trust will not be established until key community leaders understand the intent of the information sharing environment and the preventive role that fusion centers and the SAR process plays in protecting the community from crime and violence. A fully transparent explanation can be the foundation for broad community understanding of the importance of these initiatives as well as the critical privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties protections that are in place.

The issue of trust is paramount in any relationship, whether it be personal or a JTTF working in concert with the local Metropolitan Police Department. In either case, the "Four Cores of Credibility" are necessary for humans to operate at the "Speed of Trust":

Integrity - is deep honesty and truthfulness. It is who we really are. It includes congruence, humility and courage. To increase your integrity, make and keep commitments to yourself. Stand for something and then live by it. Be open. Do you seriously consider other viewpoints? 

Intent - is your fundamental motive or agenda and the behavior that follows. It includes motive, agenda and behavior. To improve your intent, examine your motives. Are everyone's interests being served? Share the "why" behind the "what" wherever possible. 

Capabilities - is our capacity to produce and accomplish tasks: talents, attitudes, skills, knowledge and style. To build your capabilities run with your strengths. Match your strengths to unique high-value opportunities. Know where you are going and keep the vision in front of you. 

Results - is your track record. People evaluate you on three key indicators of performance. Past, current and anticipated. To improve your results take responsibility and adopt a "results" mind-set. Expect to win and create a climate of high expectations. Finish strong and avoid the "victim mentality." 

Trust in a relationship and an environment of trust in the economy, national security or the stock market makes all the difference. The behaviors that you exhibit in public and behind closed doors with your stakeholders will set the tone for everyone inside and outside the organization. Can you think of any companies or people over the past two years that you have lost trust in?

When a person loses trust in another person, a company or its government, in many cases it comes back to information governance. The time, place and method for information dissemination or sharing will in many cases, become the basis for the reason why trust is maintained or eroded in the eyes of the other.

Suffice it to say that more than ever, "Open Source" information is becoming the starting point for all intelligence collection activities. In the context of the corporate policy regarding the use of systems, most if not all companies have the right to monitor all applications for "Red Flag" indicators of fraud, espionage or other violations of state and federal laws. Corporations are using "Open Source" information to determine the initial profile of potential candidates for open positions including the analysis of FaceBook or LinkedIn social networking sites.

Executive Order 12333 emphasizes US citizens rights:
The Executive Order maintains and strengthens existing protections for Americans' civil liberties and privacy rights. The Executive Order retains and reinforces the provisions in place in the original Executive Order 12333 to ensure that all intelligence activities are conducted in a manner that protects the civil liberties and privacy rights of Americans. All collection, retention, and dissemination of information regarding United States persons must be conducted in accordance with procedures approved by the Attorney General.

The future of "Building Communities of Trust" in the United States will require significant investments in building awareness, training front line officers and implementing effective oversight mechanisms. It will be achieved without the sacrifice of the rule sets established in 1791.

operational risk

Legal Risk: Over-The-Horizon Digital Radar...

Operational Risk Management is a primary responsibility with an organizations General Counsel. Why?

"The definition includes Legal risk, which is the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws as well as prudent ethical standards and contractual obligations. It also includes the exposure to litigation from all aspects of an institution’s activities."

So if you are a General Counsel or the Chief Legal Officer, your radar is consistently tuned to the "Over -The-Horizon" (OTH) risks that may impact your company, right?  The fact is that managing risk from the General Counsels office may be significantly different than what managing risk means from the CIOs office.

Loss events associated with peoples workplace behavior are many times treated differently than those events associated with a computer "intrusion" or a data breach, that was also caused by human behavior.  The law is a battleground that continues to keep an entire industry busy with offensive and defensive activities and the transfer of risks from one party to another.

What is the legal risk difference between the diversion of company funds to pay bribes in a foreign country and the theft of company trade secrets?  You see, the laws associated with these loss events have different statutes, penalties and legal risk:

On December 17, 2012, Germany-based insurance and asset management company Allianz SE paid more than $12.4 million to settle with the SEC over violations of the books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA. The activity in question concerned improper payments to government officials in Indonesia. Following common FCPA procedure, Allianz did not deny or admit the SEC’s inquiry. The company disgorged $5.3 million in profits, paid a penalty of $5.3 million, with $1.8 million in prejudgment interest. 

The SEC stated that it uncovered 295 insurance contracts on government projects that were obtained or kept by improper payments totaling $650,626. The payments were made by Allianz’s Indonesian subsidiary. 

The conduct occurred from 2001 to 2008, at which time Allianz was considered an “issuer” under the FCPA because of its activity on the New York Stock Exchange. Even though it was not listed on the exchange, the presence of its bonds and shares on the market made it an issuer and subjecting it to the jurisdiction of the FCPA. The investigation was initiated internally using outside counsel after a whistleblower complaint in 2009.

On December 28, 2012, President Obama signed the Theft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act. S. 3642 (112th). The Clarification Act is a direct response to the Second Circuit’s decision in U.S. v. Aleynikov, 676 F.3d 71 (2nd Cir. 2012). (See details below.) In Aleynikov, the Second Circuit overturned a criminal conviction under the Economic Espionage Act 18 U.S.C. § 1831, et seq., after the court determined that the stolen source code was only used internally for a high-frequency trading system and was not “related to or included in a product that is produced for or placed in interstate or foreign commerce.” The Clarification Act expands Section 1832(a) to cover internal trade secrets “related to a product or service used in or intended for use in” commerce. In addition to the source code at issue in Aleynikov, this expansion could include internal processes of doing business or gathering information that may not qualify for traditional patent protection. More broadly, the quick reaction shows the importance that Congress attaches to this area of the law and puts individuals and companies on notice that increased indictments may occur down the line.

The ethics, compliance and legal components of Operational Risk Management comes down to "Achieving a Defensible Standard of Care" in your organization.  The risk exposures that face your organization will also occur from a more immediate impact, due to a loss of reputation and potential loss of market value.  On all fronts, the stakes remain high.

The modern day legal enterprise is still reactive and slow to respond to the changing environment around it.  The daily battle with legal risk is slow, compared with other risk management fronts within the institution.  The speed of response and the focus on preventive, preemptive or proactive actions is what sets apart the mental states of all of your security risk professionals.  Some people have seconds or minutes to decide and act, others have the luxury of days, months and years.

Unfortunately, for most the costs associated with legal risk are high, no matter who prevails in an incident or case. This fact alone, is why the introduction of a new generation of automated tools and the memory of computer-based evidence is so important.  Decision Advantage.  The law and the law industry is quickly playing catch up.  Practitioners from the technology and legal industry are now even more integrated, while the courts interpret the implications of their rulings on an accelerating mobile digital global society.

You and your team have a tremendous amount of new knowledge to gain, or your enterprise will be consumed by the volume of new Operational Risks unfolding before it.  How complex could this be?

From 'WarGames' to Aaron Swartz: How U.S. anti-hacking law went astray

The 1983 movie "WarGames" led to an anti-hacking law with felony penalties aimed at deterring intrusions into NORAD. Over time, it became broad and vague enough to ensnare the late Aaron Swartz.

operational risk

Team Rubicon: Bridge the Gap...

On Sunday morning, observing Veterans Day in the United States began with a few words from a leader from the American Red Cross at a local shelter near North Brunswick, NJ  USA.  We heard his words of recognition and what it felt like for him to return to our country after serving in Vietnam and being ridiculed and spit upon.  The veterans in the room were all gearing up for another day on the front lines of a new domestic battle with the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.  Team Rubicon and it's growing presence of agile, selfless and highly skilled professionals have been working along side other national and international NGOs.  They are projecting a rapid and significant force on the ground, from New York to previously unrecognized communities such as Union Beach and Montoloking, NJ.

Operational Risk Management was practiced and observed as disaster first responders descended on the front lines of the Hurricane Sandy disaster area.  Highly equipped, veteran war fighters and first responders are deployed each day to tackle and mitigate substantial risks to homeowners, businesses and communities.  Working in concert with city, county, state and federal authorities to provide the most effective response results, where other NGOs stood by in amazement.

City officials, emergency management, law enforcement, community associations, religious organizations all working in coordination to provide their citizens and members what they needed, when they needed it and more.  The destruction and the aftermath of this disaster was significant and will be recognized as one of the most costly economic impacts to the nation.

Yet this is more about a mission by those who know they want to continue to "Bridge the Gap".   To serve beyond what they have already done in life.  To be hugged by perfect strangers for rescuing a loved one trapped in their home or assisting in the mitigation of operational risks to life and property in their neighborhood.  The mission is clear and each day a whole new example of a purpose driven life is explored and realized.

As our U.S. veterans and their families are returning to our cities and communities remember this.  1%.  They represent only 1 percent of our U.S. population and deserve our respect and continued devotion to their service.  They have been making a difference in uniform and will continue to do so if we leverage the leadership, knowledge, wisdom and courage they all possess:

Team Rubicon Saves Lives. 

Since its creation in January 2010, TR has impacted thousands of lives – in Haiti, Chile, Burma, Pakistan, Sudan, and here at home, in Vermont, Maryland, Missouri, and Alabama.  TR reaches victims outside the scope of where traditional aid organizations venture; victims on the fringe. 

Team Rubicon Engages Veterans. 

Hundreds of US military veterans, many returning home after fighting ten years of war, find a renewed sense of purpose for their skills and experiences through TR. 

Team Rubicon Sets Itself Apart In the Nonprofit World. 

Is it a disaster relief organization? A veteran-focused enterprise?  The truth is it’s both. TR pioneered a new paradigm in disaster response while redefining the meaning of veteran reintegration into society. 

Team Rubicon Pioneered the Concept of Veteran-Focused Disaster Response. 

On the streets of Port-au-Prince, in the immediate aftermath of the Haiti earthquake, TR’s military veterans realized a simple truth – natural disasters present many of the same problems that confront troops in Iraq and Afghanistan: unstable populations, limited resources, horrific sights, sounds and smells.  The skills cultivated on those same battlefields – emergency medicine, risk assessment and mitigation, teamwork and decisive leadership – are invaluable in disaster zones.

This Veterans Day remembrance will never be forgotten.  It has been an honor to serve along side so many dedicated professionals to continue to mitigate operational risks to our friends, family and loved ones.  Continue to "Bridge the Gap"!

operational risk

U.S. Resilience: Hurricane, Terrorism, Political Risks...

One week ago today, Hurricane Sandy was making her way up the Eastern seaboard of the United States with a wind field 800 to 900 miles wide.  There are estimates of $50B. in economic damages to the country and that tells you only part of the impact story.  The direct impact in lives lost, people displaced and the continuous risks to the Whole Community unfolds in real-time.  Business Resilience and consumers patience is being tested by the hour, ever since the reality of the crisis started to reach the Executive Suites of critical infrastructure sectors such as Financial, Energy, Telecom, Transportation, Maritime, Retail, and the other thirteen or so others.  All have been exercising their COG, COOP and DR plans as part of the their organizational Operational Risk Management programs.

sandy.locative.us will provide you with a snap shot from aerial imagery of the Hurricane Sandy aftermath and geographic locations that could have a spectrum of damage from light to heavy.  This is just one example of how crowdsourced apps are being used to assist, with the ongoing situational awareness and damage assessments but also the long term recovery of those most impacted areas.  At the same time, resources are in high demand for certain areas such as gasoline.  The power companies are making progress and as the supply chain mobilizes and the electricity comes back on, the commodities shortages will soon begin to dissipate.

The Sunday Washington Post and New York Times are telling stories of heroism, tragedy and the effect on the Presidential election on November, 6 2012.  The politically charged atmosphere is primed for more of a perfect storm as the fiscal cliff approaches, regardless who becomes the next President of the United States of America.  This minute, there are tens of thousands of people wondering where they are going to live and stay warm this week in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast region.  Simultaneously, the September 11, 2012 terrorism investigation continues and in the next few weeks, the world will better understand the timeline and the vulnerabilities that still remain to U.S. assets in the Middle East.  The Associated Press reports:

WASHINGTON (AP) — The deadly military-style assault on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, has raised numerous foreign policy and national security questions and fueled a fierce, partisan election debate over the Obama administration's handling of the attack. 

The strike that killed U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans is either proof of President Barack Obama's leadership failures or a tragic event that occurred despite the administration's best efforts to protect the compound and respond in the aftermath of the attack, according to highly charged arguments on both sides.

Administration officials have warned against drawing conclusions from individual documents that have leaked into the public sphere. They maintain that a full picture of what happened and any assessment of blame can only be determined after a complete review of all the evidence. But as documents continue to surface in the final days of the presidential campaign, the intensity of allegations of administration impropriety or incompetence has risen. 

A look at what is known, what is still unanswered and who is investigating the incident that has called into doubt Washington's ability to predict such events, secure American personnel in dangerous places and track down those responsible.

Courageous people who have special skills, talents and subject matter expertise are activated or being deployed at this minute, on billets to address a set of continuous operational risks across the globe.  These American first responders and long term recovery professionals all have one thing in common.  A desire to close their eyes each night, with the confidence that they did make a difference that day.  The peace of mind, that they did their small part to add to the tremendous challenges of securing the safety and long term security of their loved ones and those in need.  God, Family, Nation.

operational risk

Dark Pools: OPS Risk of Rogue Algorithms...

When you begin to think about the potential Operational Risks we face everyday, they are so wide and so numerous that each organization has developed their own methods for Enterprise Risk Management.  Depending upon the industry you are in and the speed of your business will determine the subject matter expertise that is required to deter, detect, defend and document your particular operational risks.

This is business as usual in the Financial Services industry.  Yet what about those low probability and high consequence incidents that are looming over the horizon?  The "Black Swans" as they have been defined in the past few years.  What if these "Black Swans" were known to exist everyday and could be witnessed swimming around in what are known as "Dark Pools."  You know, the places where the "Algo Bots", Quants and those who win, are doing so at the speed of light.  In the milliseconds of time it takes, for one algorithm to buy and another to sell within the trading exchanges, we can only continue to pray that the mathematics does not go rogue:

A news-breaking account of the global stock market's subterranean battles, Dark Pools portrays the rise of the "bots"- artificially intelligent systems that execute trades in milliseconds and use the cover of darkness to out-maneuver the humans who've created them.
In the beginning was Josh Levine, an idealistic programming genius who dreamed of wresting control of the market from the big exchanges that, again and again, gave the giant institutions an advantage over the little guy. Levine created a computerized trading hub named Island where small traders swapped stocks, and over time his invention morphed into a global electronic stock market that sent trillions in capital through a vast jungle of fiber-optic cables.  
By then, the market that Levine had sought to fix had turned upside down, birthing secretive exchanges called dark pools and a new species of trading machines that could think, and that seemed, ominously, to be slipping the control of their human masters. 
Dark Pools is the fascinating story of how global markets have been hijacked by trading robots--many so self-directed that humans can't predict what they'll do next. 

Managing Operational Risk with the underground "Dark Pools" is a stretch.  No different than trying to understand something as easy as CDO's or a tranche of sub-prime mortgages from a zip code in Las Vegas all packed up in a Wall Street product you now recognize as a Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS):

Low quality mortgage-backed securities backed by subprime mortgages played a major role in the 2007–2012 global financial crisis. By 2012 the market for high quality mortgage-backed securities had recovered and was a profit center for banks in the United States.

High Frequency Trading (HFT) is not new.  It has been evolving for years.  The battle for speed, has even changed the way organizations think about buying their circuits for telecommunications and data communications, between these increasingly complex and sophisticated computing critical infrastructures.  Here is one example:

Ridgeland, MS - September 17, 2012 -Spread Networks, LLC, a privately owned telecommunications provider, today announced the deployment of 100G technology on Spread's industry leading Chicago to New York fiber backbone. Spread's new service offers customers access to 100 gigabits per second of optical bandwidth, unregenerated, on Spread's 14.6 millisecond round-trip best-latency-in-class Ultra Low Latency Chicago-New York Wavelength service.  Spread's flagship Ultra Low Latency Chicago-New York Dark Fiber service is now operational at a roundtrip latency of 12.98 milliseconds roundtrip, a 100 microsecond improvement from Spread's previous 13.1 millisecond offering.  The latency improvement over Spread's dark fiber, which is already implemented, is the result of continuous route improvements that Spread has undertaken since going live in August, 2010.  Spread's 12.98 millisecond dark fiber offering provides customers with unlimited bandwidth on a 99.999% available service at the lowest latencies achievable by fiber optic networks between these two financial centers.  For financial customers who value low-latency and reliability for their mission critical trading applications, there is no other comparable solution.

Most people at the SEC, Federal Reserve and the DOJ fully understand the need for business to do whatever it takes to create a competitive advantage.  What however still remains our "Single-Point-of-Failure" is the math.  The mathematics that make up the algorithms.  The zeros and ones of software code that tell the computers what to do and when to do it.  How many people really can understand it and explain it?

So how do you mitigate the potential risk of a rogue algorithm?  Some have devised a mechanism called a circuit-breaker.  In other words, an alarm that something is not normal.  Let's slow down until we can understand what is going on here.  What are some other ways that we could potentially address the threat or the vulnerability?  Was the "Flash Crash" a weak signal of a pending melt down of the complete system?

We are increasingly dependent on computers for all that we do, and the government won’t always be able to prevent their malfunctioning from causing serious problems. But the many glitches that have plagued financial markets in the past couple of years should serve as a sobering reminder that financial markets have evolved much more quickly in the past decade than regulators have.As Scott Patterson, author of Dark Pools, a book about high-frequency trading, said to Yahoo Finance Monday, “We have seen a massive revolution in how exchanges work. It’s been put in place extremely fast . . . the problem is that the race for profits at the exchanges and at the high-frequency firms has outpaced their ability to manage risk.”  Read more: http://business.time.com/2012/08/08/high-frequency-trading-wall-streets-doomsday-machine/#ixzz2AWeXPorn

operational risk

Starfish: A Community of Resilience...

When is the last time you were in an environment where trust was implicit?  A place where the people you were working along side, shared a unity of purpose and a single mission.  Once you experience this, it is forever engraved in your mind and felt deep in your soul.  A "Starfish Community," walking together with such a high degree of mutual trust, it will endure and remain resilient against all Operational Risks that may be encountered.

Enabled by the wisdom and thinking from Rod Beckstrom and Ori Brafman's book "Starfish and the Spider:  The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations, the "Starfish Community" is growing rapidly across the globe.  A group of decentralized networks that are able to work without hesitancy and with moral courage.  It does not matter if the model is used on the battlefield or in business, the desired outcomes are the same.  Joby Warrick at the WP describes the latest work of al-Qaeda:

Authorities in Jordan have disrupted a major terrorist plot by al-Qaeda-linked operatives to launch near-simultaneous attacks on multiple civilian and government targets, reportedly including the U.S. Embassy in the capital, Amman, said Western and Middle Eastern officials Sunday.  The Jordanian government issued a statement confirming the plot and saying that 11 people with connections to al-Qaeda’s affiliate in Iraq have been arrested. 

The foiled attack, described as the most serious plot uncovered in Jordan since 2005, was viewed with particular alarm by intelligence agencies because of its sophisticated design and the planned use of munitions intended for the Syria conflict — a new sign that Syria’s troubles could be spilling over into neighboring countries, the officials said.

The alleged plotters are Jordanian nationals. The officials said the group had amassed a stockpile of explosives and weapons from Syrian battlefields and devised a plan to use military-style tactics in a wave of attacks across Amman.  

The scheme called for multiple strikes on shopping centers and cafes as a diversionary tactic to draw the attention of police and security officials, allowing other operatives to launch attacks against the main targets, which included government buildings and embassies.  A Western official briefed on details of the plot confirmed that the U.S. Embassy in Amman was among the targets. Like others interviewed for this report, the official spoke on the condition of anonymity because the investigation is still unfolding.

The ability for the Starfish Community to evolve, adapt and to consistently execute against its agreed upon mission manifests itself in terrorist acts and simultaneously in humanitarian and disaster response.  The ability for the human race to at one moment be so evil and at the same moment so forgiving and good, will continue to amaze us all:

Syrian Arab Republic, 2012
HISG has provided food, blankets, medicine, and other assistance to families that have been affected the by political turmoil in Syria. Many of these people have lost their only source of income because businesses have shut down. Others have simply fled the larger cities to escape the violence. 

The assistance has gone to families like these: In one household, the mother had died from illness, leaving the father to care for five small children. He was not able to keep his job, and now sells small items door to door or on the streets, but it was not enough to provide for his children. When his family received food packs and heating oil in the winter, he was overwhelmed with gratitude. 

Late 2011 and early 2012 brought on an unusually cold winter in Syria, and the harsh temperatures coupled with the protests and demonstrations drove the price of heating oil to 4 times its usual price. The blankets were delivered to insulate people from the cold and help them survive the bitter cold.

The business world evolves around us with mergers and acquisitions, incidents of fraud and corruption while a silent and clandestine army of cyber warriors wage conflict on our critical infrastructure and copy or steal our intellectual assets.  The ability for the "Starfish Community" to survive in the virtual environment of the Internet is no different than the cities of Aleppo or Amman.  This is why Wikipedia and other open source projects are able to continuously adapt, grow and survive the threats or vulnerabilities to this resilient and self-healing network.

How have organizations like Google and others designed their business to withstand the tests of both physical and virtual threats to it's global well-being?  

8.  The need for information crosses all borders.
Our company was founded in California, but our mission is to facilitate access to information for the entire world, and in every language. To that end, we have offices in more than 60 countries, maintain more than 180 Internet domains, and serve more than half of our results to people living outside the United States. We offer Google’s search interface in more than 130 languages, offer people the ability to restrict results to content written in their own language, and aim to provide the rest of our applications and products in as many languages and accessible formats as possible. Using our translation tools, people can discover content written on the other side of the world in languages they don’t speak. With these tools and the help of volunteer translators, we have been able to greatly improve both the variety and quality of services we can offer in even the most far–flung corners of the globe. 

A crisis appears in your business only when you are unable to adapt and withstand the impact of the virtual or physical forces thrust upon you.  Whether it is the economic well being of the U.S. or the privacy laws in Europe.  The shock wave of a VBIED or insider threat.  Your organization could reach an Operational Risk crisis state, if you have not embraced the architecture of the "Starfish Community".  Learn from the best on how to withstand the test of time and and all that humanity has in store for us.  And to all of those who are on the front lines of crisis everyday.  God Speed.  You know who you are.

operational risk

9/11/01: Remembering Eleven Years Later...

September 11, 2012 and 11 years later, it has not changed the amount of tears that flow on this date.  This is "No Easy Day" for many reasons.

May 1, 2011 was an event in history and deserves its significance among all the other millions of micro events, in our continued vigilance.  The single success of "Operation Neptune Spear" is a lonely celebration point for those countless thousands who contributed to the accomplishment of the mission.  Analysts included.  Our "OPS Risk" professionals adapted that night and all of our team came home safe.

Remembering those who didn't make it home that original 9/11 morning of terror, is why we will never forget, nor shall we ever surrender.  That is why we also remember, all those who have made the ultimate sacrifice this past decade.  They also number in the thousands.  Fallen on foreign soil.  And even to this day, back here at home.  This is our next front.  If you have not donated to Got Your Six, Wounded Warrior Project , Team Rubicon or others yet, what are you waiting for?

This day is also about the survivors.  Those who have not forgotten and have given so much since then.  The survivors are the people we continue to encourage, to keep fighting the fight and to make sure that the rest of us do so as well.

 
operational risk

July 4th, 2012: U.S. Vets Bring 236 Years of Freedom...

Operational Risk professionals know and understand that on this July 4th, 2012, we celebrate our freedom because of one reason.  Our veterans who serve and those who have served, the United States of America.  In this year, we ask you to do your best to hire a veteran for your business.  They make excellent Operational Risk Management experts and here are the other reasons your company should hire a vet:

1. Companies Value Veterans' Leadership and Teamwork Skills
2. Veterans Character Makes Them Good Employees
3. Veterans are Disciplined, Follow Processes Well and Operate Safely
4. Companies Seek Veterans' Expertise
5. Veterans Adapt and Perform Well in Dynamic Environments
6. Veterans are Effective Employees
7. Veterans in the Organization are Successful
8. Veterans are Resilient
9. Veterans are Loyal to their Organization
10. Hiring Veterans Carries Public Relations Benefits
11. Hiring Veterans is the "Right Thing to Do"

Source:  Employing America's Veterans - Perspectives from Businesses

Happy 236th Birthday America!  Hire a Vet this year...

operational risk

Derecho: OPS Risk in the NCR...

The Operational Risk professionals in the Washington, D.C. region are scrambling these past few days as a rare "Derecho" swept across Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, and the National Capital Region of the United States on Friday night.  The power generators are now humming at full capacity and the diesel fuel trucks are going into action for the myriad of data centers impacted by the massive power outage:

Widespread hurricane-force winds associated with a multiple-state derecho has taken out power to millions and left at least 15 dead. 

A derecho defined as a widespread, long-lived wind-storm with a band of rapidly moving showers or thunderstorms, formed in northern Indiana and raced east and southeast into the Mid-Atlantic states within 10 hours, according to the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). 

Widespread high wind gusts in excess 70 to 90 mph were reported as the derecho downed thousands of trees, power lines and damaged homes and other structures along its estimated 600 to 700-mile path Friday afternoon into late Friday night.

The term "Business Resilience" is now becoming a more widely used term beyond just Business Continuity, as corporate and small enterprises focus on being able to withstand at least a 72 hour (3 day) incident of this magnitude.  Not forecasted and unlike a hurricane, where business may have days to prepare, this is a real wakeup call for many.

Even when you are the mighty Amazon Web Services, mother nature can take her toll.  Several high profile sites were down for some period as a result of the massive Derecho:

A severe patch of storms that rumbled across the Eastern U.S. — leaving nine people dead and millions without power — also disrupted an Amazon Web Services data center, affecting service for social media sites like Pinterest, Instagram and Netflix, which host their services at Amazon’s data centers.

Business Resiliency is about bouncing back, quickly.  Ten minutes later, the power services were restored and they were up and running.  Power yes, data is a different issue.  The Amazon Web Services (AWS) is just one reason why the "Cloud" is here to stay and the adoption rate by many business CIOs is rising.  Now, are there some cloud providers capable of withstanding a strong thunderstorm such as this?  Absolutely.  If you are a business with mission critical applications that are reliant on the cloud service providers infrastructure, you may ask what due diligence has your organization done?   What are the interdependencies of your cloud service provider?

When you tour one of these data centers, you will see the massive CAT diesel generators and your tour guide may tell you that they spin up in "xx" number of seconds upon power failure.  The next question is, what is the size of the fuel supply?  The rest of the Business Continuity 101 questions then get answered. So how do you know for sure that you WILL NOT be impacted because of an adverse event such as this one, in the National Capital Region this weekend?

You don't.  Regardless of the data hosting or cloud provider the risk is real and data availability will never be 100%.  This brings us back to resilience and the degree to which an Operational Risk professional visualizes and has effective strategy execution for those processes and systems that are the lifeblood of almost every enterprise today.  Even though we have some so far, the business case for resilience continues to become more apparent on a daily basis:

"Even as the impact of disruptions was growing, so too was their frequency, velocity and unpredictability.  Who anticipated a Japanese reactor meltdown, a deep water oil spill or an Icelandic volcano what closed trans-Atlantic traffic?  In the age of volatility, companies must develop the capacity to manage the outcomes of disruption, irrespective of trigger."  U.S. Resilience Project - Resilience Roundtable Report 

Here in the metro region of the United States Capital, critical infrastructure is being tested.  At hundreds of roadway intersections with traffic lights out, at senior citizen centers, gas stations, restaurants and all those impacted without air conditioning as the temperature soars to the high 90s again today.  Saving data or saving lives, the people and the organizations who have the resources, time and correct tools will continue to try and hedge risk, mitigate risk and avoid risk.

It is only those who deny the existence of risk in their environment, that will become victims of this or a future event.  For each person or organization who has the resources, time and tools and then still becomes a victim, we can only ask why?  Why would you put yourself in this situation?

Questions for Future Consideration:

1. How can the public and private sectors better collaborate to address emerging risks?
2. How can the competitive advantages of resilience be balanced against the shared value of collaboration and information-sharing around best practices, processes and tools?
3. How can the private sector leverage best practices in risk management and resilience to identify opportunities to streamline rules and regulations?
4. What are the new skill sets needed to create a resilient workforce able to anticipate and manage volatility and uncertainty?

operational risk

London: Olympic Games Risk Management...

As the summer approaches the world is gearing up for the 2012 Olympic Games in London in about 41 days.  The athletes are making their respective rounds on television and other media to discuss their thoughts.  The U.K. Home Office is on high alert and has been preparing the "Operational Risk Strategy Execution" for years.

The private sector is finalizing plans for the millions of dollars in advertising and promotions on television.  The rest of the world will be watching from their easy chairs in Kansas City USA, the mountain villages of Switzerland, the outback of Australia to the most remote locations in the Sahel.

Every two years the humanity of the Olympic Games comes alive and we all realize that it is possible to get along, to cooperate and to coordinate.  For the historical and cultural reasons the world comes together to compete.  And in every venue and each sport the rules change.  The distance, the accuracy, the time.  They are all measured and the rule-sets have been determined in advance.  The competitor knows and understands the measures by which they will be judged.  In the swimming pool, on the track  mat or field or in front of the target.

The collaboration across the planet somehow brings us all to the point of a temporary "Time Out."  Where it almost seems calm and peaceful for those days and weeks.  A time when humanity can say to themselves that it really is possible to all get along.  A time to show ourselves what really is possible if we have the will and the heart to make it all happen, on time and without incident.

The social media buzz on a daily basis will be coming live from millions of Twitter and Blog posts.  The use of Crowdmap will be utilized to assist in the event of a crisis.  The mobile device will continue to be a valuable way for the authorities to have continuous opportunity for situational awareness.  Applications from companies such as RealityMobile provide real-time streaming video from any camera enabled PDA device.  All of the communications equipment to collect, view and analyze information will remain a part of the layered defense in depth to deter, detect and prevent an adverse incident.  The London Olympics in 2012 will have the same challenges and the identical set of risks as Beijing or Greece in 2008 or 2004.  What is different this time?

This summer 2012 Olympic Games may be one of the most technology enabled risk management projects ever.  At the same time, the social scientists have been working on the analysis of the organizational risk facets of such a gathering in London.  Human factors and social demographics of the people attending have a major consideration in operational risk management planning:

"It is necessary for most of us these days to have some insight into the motives and responses of the true believer. For though ours is a godless age, it is the very opposite of irreligious. The true believer is everywhere on the march, and both by converting and antagonizing he is shaping the world in his own image. And whether we are to line up with him or against him, it is well that we should know all we can concerning his nature and potentialities."

Hoffer, Eric (2011-05-10). The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (Perennial Classics) . Harper Collins, Inc..

The 1951 classic by Eric Hoffer is already Operational Risk reading 101 and the modern day Arab Spring is a perfect example of what messages Hoffer has reminded us to consider over 60 years later.  Yet those who continue to study the social science of mass movements, realize that our greatest risk mitigation tool will continue to be one of the least technical and most effective.  Education and Awareness.

We encourage all of our Operational Risk professionals to educate and increase the awareness of your employees and friends and family who will be attending the London Olympic Games 2012:

Official London 2012 Join In App

In the summer of 2012 London and the UK will come alive with events, celebrations and activities during the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

The Official London 2012 Join In app is a mobile guide to help you plan, enjoy and share your Games experience.

This free app is an essential planning tool for everyone, whether you have tickets for a sporting event or not. From the start of the Olympic Torch Relay to the Olympics and Paralympics, the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, plus all the cultural, city and community celebrations happening across the UK, Join In is your essential companion.

Download the Official London 2012 Join In App

Official London 2012 Results App

The Official London 2012 Results app provides all the latest news, schedules and results, allowing users to keep up-to-date with the latest action live across all Olympic sports and Paralympic sports.

Key features include results, live updates, calendar schedule, details of sports, medal tables and athlete profiles. Users can also follow specific countries, receiving official news and updates tailored to them all in one app.

It’s the essential app for all sports fans to share the excitement of London 2012!

operational risk

NLE 2012: Trustworthiness of the System...

The National Level Exercise (NLE) 2012 Capstone will soon be taking place and the private sector is embracing for potential cyber domain blowback.  NLE 2012 is based upon an exercise scenario that is not only timely, but also an expanding Operational Risk to the U.S. critical infrastructure.  This comes months after the secure communications channel has been established between Washington and Moscow, in the event of a damaging digital attack to prevent any escalation to full hostilities.

National Level Exercise (NLE) 2012 is part of a series of congressionally mandated preparedness exercises designed to educate and prepare participants for potential catastrophic events. The NLE 2012 process will examine the nation’s ability to coordinate and implement prevention, preparedness, response and recovery plans and capabilities pertaining to a significant cyber event or a series of events. NLE 2012 will examine national response plans and procedures, including the National Response Framework (NRF), NRF Cyber Incident Annex, Interim National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) and the International Strategy for Cyberspace. Unique to NLE 2012 will be an emphasis on the shared responsibility among all levels of government, the private sector and the international community to secure cyberspace and respond together to a significant cyber incident.

Simultaneously, the  U.N.'s International Telecommunication Union (I.T.U.) is mediating the future of the Internet.  Hamadoun Toure will be meeting in Dubai as I.T.U. secretary-general later this year as 193 nation states debate the new rules of engagement.   The lines have already been drawn in the sand between rogue groups and Western democracies, private companies, law enforcement and hacktivists.

As strategic media leaks are continuously debated and clandestine operations are exposed, the Operational Risks for the private sector continue to soar.  Whether it is the threat to the Olympic Games in London this summer or the covert "Olympic Games" in cyberspace, there continues to be a set of consistent taxonomy developed years ago by Sandia Labs researchers, that this blog has highlighted before:

"Attackers use tools to exploit vulnerabilities, to create an action on a target, that produces an unauthorized result to obtain their objective."

The three areas that you need to focus on continue to be:

• Design

• Implementation

• Configuration

Whether it is through physical attack, information exchange, user commands, scripts, programs, autonomous agents, toolkits or data taps you can be assured that these tools are being utilized to exploit you. They are being directed at the design, implementation or configuration of your "Controls" in order to achieve the action they desire:

• Probe

• Scan

• Flood

• Authenticate

• Bypass

• Spoof

• Read

• Copy

• Steal

• Modify

• Delete

All of these actions are directed at their target. Accounts, people, processes, data, components, computers, networks or internetworks. They are looking for and unauthorized result:

• Increased Access

• Disclosure of Information

• Corruption of Information

• Denial of Service

• Theft of Resources

And sadly, when you boil it down to the reasons or objectives they seek to achieve; it usually falls into one of four categories:

• Challenge, Status, Thrill

• Political Gain

• Financial Gain

• Damage

Once you understand the entire taxonomy of an "Incident", you are far better equipped to prevent and preempt attacks on your valuable corporate assets.

Now the question to be answered is, who is your adversary?  Answering this question and putting a face on those who are attacking you, somehow seems to be more important these days by some.  Attribution is only one key facet of asymmetric warfare.

at·tri·bu·tion

   [a-truh-byoo-shuhn]  Show IPA

noun

1.

the act of attributing;  ascription.

2.

something ascribed; an attribute.

3.

Numismatics . a classification for a coin, based on itsdistinguishing features, as date, design, or metal.

4.

Archaic . authority or function assigned, as to a ruler,legislative assembly, delegate, or the like.

at·trib·ute

   [v. uh-trib-yoot; n. a-truh-byoot]  Show IPA

verb, at·trib·ut·ed, at·trib·ut·ing, noun

verb (used with object)

1.

to regard as resulting from a specified cause; consider ascaused by something indicated (usually followed by to ): She attributed his bad temper to ill health.

2.

to consider as a quality or characteristic of the person, thing, group, etc., indicated: He attributed intelligence to his colleagues.

3.

to consider as made by the one indicated, especially withstrong evidence but in the absence of conclusive proof: to attribute a painting to an artist.

4.

to regard as produced by or originating in the time, period, place, etc., indicated; credit; assign: to attribute a work to a particular period; to attribute a discovery to a particular country.

noun

5.

something attributed as belonging to a person, thing, group,etc.; a quality, character, characteristic, or property:Sensitivity is one of his attributes.

Regardless of the ability to attain the identity of your attacker, your focus should remain on your trusted systems and your resilience factor.  The trustworthiness of the system requires evaluation and a trust decision to use the system.  "The risk calculus evaluates whether the probability that the services as a result of using the system, will exceed the risks that may occur as valued by a user.  The cost component of a trust decision includes an evaluation that the use of a system will occur at an acceptable cost and will produce economically acceptable results."  [US 7240213]

operational risk